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Divergent clonal selection dominates medulloblastoma at recurrence

Identifieur interne : 002080 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002079; suivant : 002081

Divergent clonal selection dominates medulloblastoma at recurrence

Auteurs : A. Sorana Morrissy [Canada] ; Livia Garzia [Canada] ; David J. H. Shih [Canada] ; Scott Zuyderduyn [Canada] ; Xi Huang [Canada] ; Patryk Skowron [Canada] ; Marc Remke [Allemagne] ; Florence M. G. Cavalli [Canada] ; Vijay Ramaswamy [Canada] ; Patricia E. Lindsay [Canada] ; Salomeh Jelveh [Canada] ; Laura K. Donovan [Canada] ; Xin Wang [Canada] ; Betty Luu [Canada] ; Kory Zayne [Canada] ; Yisu Li [Canada] ; Chelsea Mayoh [Canada] ; Nina Thiessen [Canada] ; Eloi Mercier [Canada] ; Karen L. Mungall [Canada] ; Yusanne Ma [Canada] ; Kane Tse [Canada] ; Thomas Zeng [Canada] ; Karey Shumansky [Canada] ; Andrew J. L. Roth [Canada] ; Sohrab Shah [Canada] ; Hamza Farooq [Canada] ; Noriyuki Kijima [Canada] ; Borja L. Holgado [Canada] ; John J. Y. Lee [Canada] ; Stuart Matan-Lithwick [Canada] ; Jessica Liu [Canada] ; Stephen C. Mack [Canada, États-Unis] ; Alex Manno [Canada] ; K. A. Michealraj [Canada] ; Carolina Nor [Canada] ; John Peacock [Canada] ; Lei Qin [Canada] ; Juri Reimand [Canada] ; Adi Rolider [Canada] ; Yuan Y. Thompson [Canada] ; Xiaochong Wu [Canada] ; Trevor Pugh [Canada] ; Adrian Ally [Canada] ; Mikhail Bilenky [Canada] ; Yaron S. N. Butterfield [Canada] ; Rebecca Carlsen [Canada] ; Young Cheng [Canada] ; Eric Chuah [Canada] ; Richard D. Corbett [Canada] ; Noreen Dhalla [Canada] ; An He [Canada] ; Darlene Lee [Canada] ; Haiyan I. Li [Canada] ; William Long [Canada] ; Michael Mayo [Canada] ; Patrick Plettner [Canada] ; Jenny Q. Qian [Canada] ; Jacqueline E. Schein [Canada] ; Angela Tam [Canada] ; Tina Wong [Canada] ; Inanc Birol [Canada] ; Yongjun Zhao [Canada] ; Claudia C. Faria [Portugal] ; José Pimentel [Portugal] ; Sofia Nunes [Portugal] ; Tarek Shalaby [Suisse] ; Michael Grotzer [Suisse] ; Ian F. Pollack [États-Unis] ; Ronald L. Hamilton [États-Unis] ; Xiao-Nan Li [États-Unis] ; Anne E. Bendel [États-Unis] ; Daniel W. Fults [États-Unis] ; Andrew W. Walter [États-Unis] ; Toshihiro Kumabe [Japon] ; Teiji Tominaga [Japon] ; V. Peter Collins [Royaume-Uni] ; Yoon-Jae Cho [États-Unis] ; Caitlin Hoffman [Canada] ; David Lyden [États-Unis] ; Jeffrey H. Wisoff [États-Unis] ; James H. Garvin [États-Unis] ; Duncan S. Stearns [États-Unis] ; Luca Massimi [Italie] ; Ulrich Schüller [Allemagne] ; Jaroslav Sterba [République tchèque] ; Karel Zitterbart [République tchèque] ; Stephanie Puget [France] ; Olivier Ayrault [France] ; Sandra E. Dunn [Canada] ; Daniela P. C. Tirapelli [Brésil] ; Carlos G. Carlotti [Brésil] ; Helen Wheeler [Australie] ; Andrew R. Hallahan [Australie] ; Wendy Ingram [Australie] ; Tobey J. Macdonald [États-Unis] ; Jeffrey J. Olson [États-Unis] ; Erwin G. Van Meir [États-Unis] ; Ji-Yeoun Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Kyu-Chang Wang [Corée du Sud] ; Seung-Ki Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Byung-Kyu Cho [Corée du Sud] ; Torsten Pietsch [Allemagne] ; Gudrun Fleischhack [Allemagne] ; Stephan Tippelt [Allemagne] ; Young Shin Ra [Corée du Sud] ; Simon Bailey [Royaume-Uni] ; Janet C. Lindsey [Royaume-Uni] ; Steven C. Clifford [Royaume-Uni] ; Charles G. Eberhart [États-Unis] ; Michael K. Cooper [États-Unis] ; Roger J. Packer [États-Unis] ; Maura Massimino [Italie] ; Maria Luisa Garre [Italie] ; Ute Bartels [Canada] ; Uri Tabori [Canada] ; Cynthia E. Hawkins [Canada] ; Peter Dirks [Canada] ; Eric Bouffet [Canada] ; James T. Rutka [Canada] ; Robert J. Wechsler-Reya [États-Unis] ; William A. Weiss [États-Unis] ; Lara S. Collier [États-Unis] ; Adam J. Dupuy [États-Unis] ; Andrey Korshunov [Allemagne] ; David T. W. Jones [Allemagne] ; Marcel Kool [Allemagne] ; Paul A. Northcott [Allemagne] ; Stefan M. Pfister [Allemagne] ; David A. Largaespada [États-Unis] ; Andrew J. Mungall [Canada] ; Richard A. Moore [Canada] ; Nada Jabado [Canada] ; Gary D. Bader [Canada] ; Steven J. M. Jones [Canada] ; David Malkin [Canada] ; Marco A. Marra [Canada] ; Michael D. Taylor [Canada]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4936195

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The development of targeted anti-cancer therapies through the study of cancer genomes is intended to increase survival rates and decrease treatment-related toxicity. We treated a transposon–driven, functional genomic mouse model of medulloblastoma with ‘humanized’ in vivo therapy (microneurosurgical tumour resection followed by multi-fractionated, image-guided radiotherapy). Genetic events in recurrent murine medulloblastoma exhibit a very poor overlap with those in matched murine diagnostic samples (<5%). Whole-genome sequencing of 33 pairs of human diagnostic and post-therapy medulloblastomas demonstrated substantial genetic divergence of the dominant clone after therapy (<12% diagnostic events were retained at recurrence). In both mice and humans, the dominant clone at recurrence arose through clonal selection of a pre-existing minor clone present at diagnosis. Targeted therapy is unlikely to be effective in the absence of the target, therefore our results offer a simple, proximal, and remediable explanation for the failure of prior clinical trials of targeted therapy.


Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nature16478
PubMed: 26760213
PubMed Central: 4936195


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Wang, Xin" sort="Wang, Xin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xin" last="Wang">Xin Wang</name>
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<name sortKey="Li, Yisu" sort="Li, Yisu" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yisu" last="Li">Yisu Li</name>
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<name sortKey="Mayoh, Chelsea" sort="Mayoh, Chelsea" uniqKey="Mayoh C" first="Chelsea" last="Mayoh">Chelsea Mayoh</name>
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<name sortKey="Thiessen, Nina" sort="Thiessen, Nina" uniqKey="Thiessen N" first="Nina" last="Thiessen">Nina Thiessen</name>
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<name sortKey="Mercier, Eloi" sort="Mercier, Eloi" uniqKey="Mercier E" first="Eloi" last="Mercier">Eloi Mercier</name>
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<name sortKey="Mungall, Karen L" sort="Mungall, Karen L" uniqKey="Mungall K" first="Karen L." last="Mungall">Karen L. Mungall</name>
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<name sortKey="Ma, Yusanne" sort="Ma, Yusanne" uniqKey="Ma Y" first="Yusanne" last="Ma">Yusanne Ma</name>
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<name sortKey="Tse, Kane" sort="Tse, Kane" uniqKey="Tse K" first="Kane" last="Tse">Kane Tse</name>
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<name sortKey="Zeng, Thomas" sort="Zeng, Thomas" uniqKey="Zeng T" first="Thomas" last="Zeng">Thomas Zeng</name>
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<name sortKey="Kijima, Noriyuki" sort="Kijima, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Kijima N" first="Noriyuki" last="Kijima">Noriyuki Kijima</name>
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<name sortKey="Liu, Jessica" sort="Liu, Jessica" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jessica" last="Liu">Jessica Liu</name>
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<name sortKey="Manno, Alex" sort="Manno, Alex" uniqKey="Manno A" first="Alex" last="Manno">Alex Manno</name>
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<name sortKey="Michealraj, K A" sort="Michealraj, K A" uniqKey="Michealraj K" first="K. A." last="Michealraj">K. A. Michealraj</name>
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<name sortKey="Nor, Carolina" sort="Nor, Carolina" uniqKey="Nor C" first="Carolina" last="Nor">Carolina Nor</name>
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<name sortKey="Peacock, John" sort="Peacock, John" uniqKey="Peacock J" first="John" last="Peacock">John Peacock</name>
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<name sortKey="Thompson, Yuan Y" sort="Thompson, Yuan Y" uniqKey="Thompson Y" first="Yuan Y." last="Thompson">Yuan Y. Thompson</name>
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<name sortKey="Wu, Xiaochong" sort="Wu, Xiaochong" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xiaochong" last="Wu">Xiaochong Wu</name>
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<name sortKey="Pugh, Trevor" sort="Pugh, Trevor" uniqKey="Pugh T" first="Trevor" last="Pugh">Trevor Pugh</name>
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<name sortKey="Ally, Adrian" sort="Ally, Adrian" uniqKey="Ally A" first="Adrian" last="Ally">Adrian Ally</name>
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<name sortKey="Bilenky, Mikhail" sort="Bilenky, Mikhail" uniqKey="Bilenky M" first="Mikhail" last="Bilenky">Mikhail Bilenky</name>
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<name sortKey="Butterfield, Yaron S N" sort="Butterfield, Yaron S N" uniqKey="Butterfield Y" first="Yaron S. N." last="Butterfield">Yaron S. N. Butterfield</name>
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<name sortKey="Carlsen, Rebecca" sort="Carlsen, Rebecca" uniqKey="Carlsen R" first="Rebecca" last="Carlsen">Rebecca Carlsen</name>
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<name sortKey="Cheng, Young" sort="Cheng, Young" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Young" last="Cheng">Young Cheng</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Chuah, Eric" sort="Chuah, Eric" uniqKey="Chuah E" first="Eric" last="Chuah">Eric Chuah</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Corbett, Richard D" sort="Corbett, Richard D" uniqKey="Corbett R" first="Richard D." last="Corbett">Richard D. Corbett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Dhalla, Noreen" sort="Dhalla, Noreen" uniqKey="Dhalla N" first="Noreen" last="Dhalla">Noreen Dhalla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="He, An" sort="He, An" uniqKey="He A" first="An" last="He">An He</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Darlene" sort="Lee, Darlene" uniqKey="Lee D" first="Darlene" last="Lee">Darlene Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Haiyan I" sort="Li, Haiyan I" uniqKey="Li H" first="Haiyan I." last="Li">Haiyan I. Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Long, William" sort="Long, William" uniqKey="Long W" first="William" last="Long">William Long</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Mayo, Michael" sort="Mayo, Michael" uniqKey="Mayo M" first="Michael" last="Mayo">Michael Mayo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Plettner, Patrick" sort="Plettner, Patrick" uniqKey="Plettner P" first="Patrick" last="Plettner">Patrick Plettner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Qian, Jenny Q" sort="Qian, Jenny Q" uniqKey="Qian J" first="Jenny Q." last="Qian">Jenny Q. Qian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schein, Jacqueline E" sort="Schein, Jacqueline E" uniqKey="Schein J" first="Jacqueline E." last="Schein">Jacqueline E. Schein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tam, Angela" sort="Tam, Angela" uniqKey="Tam A" first="Angela" last="Tam">Angela Tam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, Tina" sort="Wong, Tina" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tina" last="Wong">Tina Wong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Birol, Inanc" sort="Birol, Inanc" uniqKey="Birol I" first="Inanc" last="Birol">Inanc Birol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6T 1Z3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A14">School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5A 1S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Yongjun" sort="Zhao, Yongjun" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yongjun" last="Zhao">Yongjun Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Faria, Claudia C" sort="Faria, Claudia C" uniqKey="Faria C" first="Claudia C." last="Faria">Claudia C. Faria</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon 1649-035, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon 1649-035</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon 1649-035</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pimentel, Jose" sort="Pimentel, Jose" uniqKey="Pimentel J" first="José" last="Pimentel">José Pimentel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A16">Divison of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon 1649-035, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Divison of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon 1649-035</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon 1649-035</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nunes, Sofia" sort="Nunes, Sofia" uniqKey="Nunes S" first="Sofia" last="Nunes">Sofia Nunes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A17">Unidade de Neuro-Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon 1099-023, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Neuro-Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon 1099-023</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon 1099-023</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shalaby, Tarek" sort="Shalaby, Tarek" uniqKey="Shalaby T" first="Tarek" last="Shalaby">Tarek Shalaby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18">Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich 8032</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grotzer, Michael" sort="Grotzer, Michael" uniqKey="Grotzer M" first="Michael" last="Grotzer">Michael Grotzer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18">Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich 8032</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pollack, Ian F" sort="Pollack, Ian F" uniqKey="Pollack I" first="Ian F." last="Pollack">Ian F. Pollack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamilton, Ronald L" sort="Hamilton, Ronald L" uniqKey="Hamilton R" first="Ronald L." last="Hamilton">Ronald L. Hamilton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 15213</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Xiao Nan" sort="Li, Xiao Nan" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiao-Nan" last="Li">Xiao-Nan Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A21">Brain Tumor Program, Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brain Tumor Program, Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Texas 77030</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bendel, Anne E" sort="Bendel, Anne E" uniqKey="Bendel A" first="Anne E." last="Bendel">Anne E. Bendel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A22">Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55404</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fults, Daniel W" sort="Fults, Daniel W" uniqKey="Fults D" first="Daniel W." last="Fults">Daniel W. Fults</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Utah 84132</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walter, Andrew W" sort="Walter, Andrew W" uniqKey="Walter A" first="Andrew W." last="Walter">Andrew W. Walter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A24">A I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>A I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Delaware 19803</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumabe, Toshihiro" sort="Kumabe, Toshihiro" uniqKey="Kumabe T" first="Toshihiro" last="Kumabe">Toshihiro Kumabe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kanagawa 252-0374</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tominaga, Teiji" sort="Tominaga, Teiji" uniqKey="Tominaga T" first="Teiji" last="Tominaga">Teiji Tominaga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sendai 980-8574</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, V Peter" sort="Collins, V Peter" uniqKey="Collins V" first="V. Peter" last="Collins">V. Peter Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
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<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Yoon Jae" sort="Cho, Yoon Jae" uniqKey="Cho Y" first="Yoon-Jae" last="Cho">Yoon-Jae Cho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A28">Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoffman, Caitlin" sort="Hoffman, Caitlin" uniqKey="Hoffman C" first="Caitlin" last="Hoffman">Caitlin Hoffman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lyden, David" sort="Lyden, David" uniqKey="Lyden D" first="David" last="Lyden">David Lyden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A29">Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wisoff, Jeffrey H" sort="Wisoff, Jeffrey H" uniqKey="Wisoff J" first="Jeffrey H." last="Wisoff">Jeffrey H. Wisoff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New York 10016</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garvin, James H" sort="Garvin, James H" uniqKey="Garvin J" first="James H." last="Garvin">James H. Garvin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
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<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stearns, Duncan S" sort="Stearns, Duncan S" uniqKey="Stearns D" first="Duncan S." last="Stearns">Duncan S. Stearns</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio 44106</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ohio 44106</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Massimi, Luca" sort="Massimi, Luca" uniqKey="Massimi L" first="Luca" last="Massimi">Luca Massimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A33">Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome 00198, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome 00198</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schuller, Ulrich" sort="Schuller, Ulrich" uniqKey="Schuller U" first="Ulrich" last="Schüller">Ulrich Schüller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A34">Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Sterba, Jaroslav" sort="Sterba, Jaroslav" uniqKey="Sterba J" first="Jaroslav" last="Sterba">Jaroslav Sterba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brno 625 00</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zitterbart, Karel" sort="Zitterbart, Karel" uniqKey="Zitterbart K" first="Karel" last="Zitterbart">Karel Zitterbart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brno 625 00</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Puget, Stephanie" sort="Puget, Stephanie" uniqKey="Puget S" first="Stephanie" last="Puget">Stephanie Puget</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A36">AP-HP, Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université René Descartes, Paris 75743, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université René Descartes, Paris 75743</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>75743</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ayrault, Olivier" sort="Ayrault, Olivier" uniqKey="Ayrault O" first="Olivier" last="Ayrault">Olivier Ayrault</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A37">Signaling in Development and Brain Tumors, CNRS UMR 3347 / INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 5 91405, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signaling in Development and Brain Tumors, CNRS UMR 3347 / INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 5 91405</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>91405</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>91405</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dunn, Sandra E" sort="Dunn, Sandra E" uniqKey="Dunn S" first="Sandra E." last="Dunn">Sandra E. Dunn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A38">Division of Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6H 3V4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tirapelli, Daniela P C" sort="Tirapelli, Daniela P C" uniqKey="Tirapelli D" first="Daniela P. C." last="Tirapelli">Daniela P. C. Tirapelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carlotti, Carlos G" sort="Carlotti, Carlos G" uniqKey="Carlotti C" first="Carlos G." last="Carlotti">Carlos G. Carlotti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wheeler, Helen" sort="Wheeler, Helen" uniqKey="Wheeler H" first="Helen" last="Wheeler">Helen Wheeler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A40">Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hallahan, Andrew R" sort="Hallahan, Andrew R" uniqKey="Hallahan A" first="Andrew R." last="Hallahan">Andrew R. Hallahan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A41">Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A42">Division of Oncology, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Oncology, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ingram, Wendy" sort="Ingram, Wendy" uniqKey="Ingram W" first="Wendy" last="Ingram">Wendy Ingram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A41">Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A43">UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Macdonald, Tobey J" sort="Macdonald, Tobey J" uniqKey="Macdonald T" first="Tobey J." last="Macdonald">Tobey J. Macdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A44">Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30307</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Georgia 30307</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olson, Jeffrey J" sort="Olson, Jeffrey J" uniqKey="Olson J" first="Jeffrey J." last="Olson">Jeffrey J. Olson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Georgia 30322</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Meir, Erwin G" sort="Van Meir, Erwin G" uniqKey="Van Meir E" first="Erwin G." last="Van Meir">Erwin G. Van Meir</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Georgia 30322</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Ji Yeoun" sort="Lee, Ji Yeoun" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Ji-Yeoun" last="Lee">Ji-Yeoun Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Kyu Chang" sort="Wang, Kyu Chang" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Kyu-Chang" last="Wang">Kyu-Chang Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, Seung Ki" sort="Kim, Seung Ki" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seung-Ki" last="Kim">Seung-Ki Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Byung Kyu" sort="Cho, Byung Kyu" uniqKey="Cho B" first="Byung-Kyu" last="Cho">Byung-Kyu Cho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pietsch, Torsten" sort="Pietsch, Torsten" uniqKey="Pietsch T" first="Torsten" last="Pietsch">Torsten Pietsch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A48">Institute for Neuropathology, University of Bonn D-53105, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Neuropathology, University of Bonn D-53105</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Bonn D-53105</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fleischhack, Gudrun" sort="Fleischhack, Gudrun" uniqKey="Fleischhack G" first="Gudrun" last="Fleischhack">Gudrun Fleischhack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A49">Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tippelt, Stephan" sort="Tippelt, Stephan" uniqKey="Tippelt S" first="Stephan" last="Tippelt">Stephan Tippelt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A49">Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ra, Young Shin" sort="Ra, Young Shin" uniqKey="Ra Y" first="Young Shin" last="Ra">Young Shin Ra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bailey, Simon" sort="Bailey, Simon" uniqKey="Bailey S" first="Simon" last="Bailey">Simon Bailey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A51">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lindsey, Janet C" sort="Lindsey, Janet C" uniqKey="Lindsey J" first="Janet C." last="Lindsey">Janet C. Lindsey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A51">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clifford, Steven C" sort="Clifford, Steven C" uniqKey="Clifford S" first="Steven C." last="Clifford">Steven C. Clifford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A51">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberhart, Charles G" sort="Eberhart, Charles G" uniqKey="Eberhart C" first="Charles G." last="Eberhart">Charles G. Eberhart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A52">Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maryland 21205</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cooper, Michael K" sort="Cooper, Michael K" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Michael K." last="Cooper">Michael K. Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8550, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8550</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tennessee 37232-8550</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Packer, Roger J" sort="Packer, Roger J" uniqKey="Packer R" first="Roger J." last="Packer">Roger J. Packer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010-2970, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010-2970</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Washington (district de Columbia)</settlement>
<region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Massimino, Maura" sort="Massimino, Maura" uniqKey="Massimino M" first="Maura" last="Massimino">Maura Massimino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A55">Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan 20133</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garre, Maria Luisa" sort="Garre, Maria Luisa" uniqKey="Garre M" first="Maria Luisa" last="Garre">Maria Luisa Garre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A56">U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16147, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16147</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Genova 16147</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bartels, Ute" sort="Bartels, Ute" uniqKey="Bartels U" first="Ute" last="Bartels">Ute Bartels</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tabori, Uri" sort="Tabori, Uri" uniqKey="Tabori U" first="Uri" last="Tabori">Uri Tabori</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hawkins, Cynthia E" sort="Hawkins, Cynthia E" uniqKey="Hawkins C" first="Cynthia E." last="Hawkins">Cynthia E. Hawkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A58">Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dirks, Peter" sort="Dirks, Peter" uniqKey="Dirks P" first="Peter" last="Dirks">Peter Dirks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bouffet, Eric" sort="Bouffet, Eric" uniqKey="Bouffet E" first="Eric" last="Bouffet">Eric Bouffet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rutka, James T" sort="Rutka, James T" uniqKey="Rutka J" first="James T." last="Rutka">James T. Rutka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Remke, Marc" sort="Remke, Marc" uniqKey="Remke M" first="Marc" last="Remke">Marc Remke</name>
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<name sortKey="Cavalli, Florence M G" sort="Cavalli, Florence M G" uniqKey="Cavalli F" first="Florence M. G." last="Cavalli">Florence M. G. Cavalli</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Ramaswamy, Vijay" sort="Ramaswamy, Vijay" uniqKey="Ramaswamy V" first="Vijay" last="Ramaswamy">Vijay Ramaswamy</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Jelveh, Salomeh" sort="Jelveh, Salomeh" uniqKey="Jelveh S" first="Salomeh" last="Jelveh">Salomeh Jelveh</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A8">Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Donovan, Laura K" sort="Donovan, Laura K" uniqKey="Donovan L" first="Laura K." last="Donovan">Laura K. Donovan</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Wang, Xin" sort="Wang, Xin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xin" last="Wang">Xin Wang</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Luu, Betty" sort="Luu, Betty" uniqKey="Luu B" first="Betty" last="Luu">Betty Luu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Zayne, Kory" sort="Zayne, Kory" uniqKey="Zayne K" first="Kory" last="Zayne">Kory Zayne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Li, Yisu" sort="Li, Yisu" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yisu" last="Li">Yisu Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Mayoh, Chelsea" sort="Mayoh, Chelsea" uniqKey="Mayoh C" first="Chelsea" last="Mayoh">Chelsea Mayoh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Thiessen, Nina" sort="Thiessen, Nina" uniqKey="Thiessen N" first="Nina" last="Thiessen">Nina Thiessen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Mercier, Eloi" sort="Mercier, Eloi" uniqKey="Mercier E" first="Eloi" last="Mercier">Eloi Mercier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Mungall, Karen L" sort="Mungall, Karen L" uniqKey="Mungall K" first="Karen L." last="Mungall">Karen L. Mungall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Ma, Yusanne" sort="Ma, Yusanne" uniqKey="Ma Y" first="Yusanne" last="Ma">Yusanne Ma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Tse, Kane" sort="Tse, Kane" uniqKey="Tse K" first="Kane" last="Tse">Kane Tse</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Zeng, Thomas" sort="Zeng, Thomas" uniqKey="Zeng T" first="Thomas" last="Zeng">Thomas Zeng</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Shumansky, Karey" sort="Shumansky, Karey" uniqKey="Shumansky K" first="Karey" last="Shumansky">Karey Shumansky</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Roth, Andrew J L" sort="Roth, Andrew J L" uniqKey="Roth A" first="Andrew J. L." last="Roth">Andrew J. L. Roth</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Shah, Sohrab" sort="Shah, Sohrab" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sohrab" last="Shah">Sohrab Shah</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Farooq, Hamza" sort="Farooq, Hamza" uniqKey="Farooq H" first="Hamza" last="Farooq">Hamza Farooq</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Kijima, Noriyuki" sort="Kijima, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Kijima N" first="Noriyuki" last="Kijima">Noriyuki Kijima</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Holgado, Borja L" sort="Holgado, Borja L" uniqKey="Holgado B" first="Borja L." last="Holgado">Borja L. Holgado</name>
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<name sortKey="Lee, John J Y" sort="Lee, John J Y" uniqKey="Lee J" first="John J. Y." last="Lee">John J. Y. Lee</name>
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<name sortKey="Liu, Jessica" sort="Liu, Jessica" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jessica" last="Liu">Jessica Liu</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<name sortKey="Mack, Stephen C" sort="Mack, Stephen C" uniqKey="Mack S" first="Stephen C." last="Mack">Stephen C. Mack</name>
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<name sortKey="Manno, Alex" sort="Manno, Alex" uniqKey="Manno A" first="Alex" last="Manno">Alex Manno</name>
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<name sortKey="Cheng, Young" sort="Cheng, Young" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Young" last="Cheng">Young Cheng</name>
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<name sortKey="He, An" sort="He, An" uniqKey="He A" first="An" last="He">An He</name>
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<name sortKey="Lee, Darlene" sort="Lee, Darlene" uniqKey="Lee D" first="Darlene" last="Lee">Darlene Lee</name>
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<name sortKey="Li, Haiyan I" sort="Li, Haiyan I" uniqKey="Li H" first="Haiyan I." last="Li">Haiyan I. Li</name>
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<name sortKey="Mayo, Michael" sort="Mayo, Michael" uniqKey="Mayo M" first="Michael" last="Mayo">Michael Mayo</name>
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<name sortKey="Plettner, Patrick" sort="Plettner, Patrick" uniqKey="Plettner P" first="Patrick" last="Plettner">Patrick Plettner</name>
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<name sortKey="Qian, Jenny Q" sort="Qian, Jenny Q" uniqKey="Qian J" first="Jenny Q." last="Qian">Jenny Q. Qian</name>
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<name sortKey="Schein, Jacqueline E" sort="Schein, Jacqueline E" uniqKey="Schein J" first="Jacqueline E." last="Schein">Jacqueline E. Schein</name>
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<name sortKey="Wong, Tina" sort="Wong, Tina" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tina" last="Wong">Tina Wong</name>
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<name sortKey="Zhao, Yongjun" sort="Zhao, Yongjun" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yongjun" last="Zhao">Yongjun Zhao</name>
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<name sortKey="Faria, Claudia C" sort="Faria, Claudia C" uniqKey="Faria C" first="Claudia C." last="Faria">Claudia C. Faria</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A17">Unidade de Neuro-Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon 1099-023, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Neuro-Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon 1099-023</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon 1099-023</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shalaby, Tarek" sort="Shalaby, Tarek" uniqKey="Shalaby T" first="Tarek" last="Shalaby">Tarek Shalaby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18">Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich 8032</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grotzer, Michael" sort="Grotzer, Michael" uniqKey="Grotzer M" first="Michael" last="Grotzer">Michael Grotzer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18">Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich 8032</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pollack, Ian F" sort="Pollack, Ian F" uniqKey="Pollack I" first="Ian F." last="Pollack">Ian F. Pollack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 15224</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamilton, Ronald L" sort="Hamilton, Ronald L" uniqKey="Hamilton R" first="Ronald L." last="Hamilton">Ronald L. Hamilton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 15213</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Xiao Nan" sort="Li, Xiao Nan" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiao-Nan" last="Li">Xiao-Nan Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A21">Brain Tumor Program, Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brain Tumor Program, Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Texas 77030</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bendel, Anne E" sort="Bendel, Anne E" uniqKey="Bendel A" first="Anne E." last="Bendel">Anne E. Bendel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A22">Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55404</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fults, Daniel W" sort="Fults, Daniel W" uniqKey="Fults D" first="Daniel W." last="Fults">Daniel W. Fults</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Utah 84132</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walter, Andrew W" sort="Walter, Andrew W" uniqKey="Walter A" first="Andrew W." last="Walter">Andrew W. Walter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A24">A I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>A I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Delaware 19803</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumabe, Toshihiro" sort="Kumabe, Toshihiro" uniqKey="Kumabe T" first="Toshihiro" last="Kumabe">Toshihiro Kumabe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kanagawa 252-0374</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tominaga, Teiji" sort="Tominaga, Teiji" uniqKey="Tominaga T" first="Teiji" last="Tominaga">Teiji Tominaga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sendai 980-8574</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, V Peter" sort="Collins, V Peter" uniqKey="Collins V" first="V. Peter" last="Collins">V. Peter Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Yoon Jae" sort="Cho, Yoon Jae" uniqKey="Cho Y" first="Yoon-Jae" last="Cho">Yoon-Jae Cho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A28">Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>California 94305</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoffman, Caitlin" sort="Hoffman, Caitlin" uniqKey="Hoffman C" first="Caitlin" last="Hoffman">Caitlin Hoffman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lyden, David" sort="Lyden, David" uniqKey="Lyden D" first="David" last="Lyden">David Lyden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A29">Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New York 10065</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wisoff, Jeffrey H" sort="Wisoff, Jeffrey H" uniqKey="Wisoff J" first="Jeffrey H." last="Wisoff">Jeffrey H. Wisoff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New York 10016</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garvin, James H" sort="Garvin, James H" uniqKey="Garvin J" first="James H." last="Garvin">James H. Garvin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stearns, Duncan S" sort="Stearns, Duncan S" uniqKey="Stearns D" first="Duncan S." last="Stearns">Duncan S. Stearns</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio 44106</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ohio 44106</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Massimi, Luca" sort="Massimi, Luca" uniqKey="Massimi L" first="Luca" last="Massimi">Luca Massimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A33">Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome 00198, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome 00198</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schuller, Ulrich" sort="Schuller, Ulrich" uniqKey="Schuller U" first="Ulrich" last="Schüller">Ulrich Schüller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A34">Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sterba, Jaroslav" sort="Sterba, Jaroslav" uniqKey="Sterba J" first="Jaroslav" last="Sterba">Jaroslav Sterba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brno 625 00</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zitterbart, Karel" sort="Zitterbart, Karel" uniqKey="Zitterbart K" first="Karel" last="Zitterbart">Karel Zitterbart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brno 625 00</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Puget, Stephanie" sort="Puget, Stephanie" uniqKey="Puget S" first="Stephanie" last="Puget">Stephanie Puget</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A36">AP-HP, Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université René Descartes, Paris 75743, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université René Descartes, Paris 75743</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>75743</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ayrault, Olivier" sort="Ayrault, Olivier" uniqKey="Ayrault O" first="Olivier" last="Ayrault">Olivier Ayrault</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A37">Signaling in Development and Brain Tumors, CNRS UMR 3347 / INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 5 91405, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signaling in Development and Brain Tumors, CNRS UMR 3347 / INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 5 91405</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>91405</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>91405</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dunn, Sandra E" sort="Dunn, Sandra E" uniqKey="Dunn S" first="Sandra E." last="Dunn">Sandra E. Dunn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A38">Division of Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6H 3V4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tirapelli, Daniela P C" sort="Tirapelli, Daniela P C" uniqKey="Tirapelli D" first="Daniela P. C." last="Tirapelli">Daniela P. C. Tirapelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carlotti, Carlos G" sort="Carlotti, Carlos G" uniqKey="Carlotti C" first="Carlos G." last="Carlotti">Carlos G. Carlotti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo 14049-900</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wheeler, Helen" sort="Wheeler, Helen" uniqKey="Wheeler H" first="Helen" last="Wheeler">Helen Wheeler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A40">Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hallahan, Andrew R" sort="Hallahan, Andrew R" uniqKey="Hallahan A" first="Andrew R." last="Hallahan">Andrew R. Hallahan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A41">Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A42">Division of Oncology, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Oncology, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ingram, Wendy" sort="Ingram, Wendy" uniqKey="Ingram W" first="Wendy" last="Ingram">Wendy Ingram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A41">Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A43">UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Macdonald, Tobey J" sort="Macdonald, Tobey J" uniqKey="Macdonald T" first="Tobey J." last="Macdonald">Tobey J. Macdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A44">Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30307</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Georgia 30307</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olson, Jeffrey J" sort="Olson, Jeffrey J" uniqKey="Olson J" first="Jeffrey J." last="Olson">Jeffrey J. Olson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Georgia 30322</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Meir, Erwin G" sort="Van Meir, Erwin G" uniqKey="Van Meir E" first="Erwin G." last="Van Meir">Erwin G. Van Meir</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Georgia 30322</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Ji Yeoun" sort="Lee, Ji Yeoun" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Ji-Yeoun" last="Lee">Ji-Yeoun Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Kyu Chang" sort="Wang, Kyu Chang" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Kyu-Chang" last="Wang">Kyu-Chang Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, Seung Ki" sort="Kim, Seung Ki" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seung-Ki" last="Kim">Seung-Ki Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Byung Kyu" sort="Cho, Byung Kyu" uniqKey="Cho B" first="Byung-Kyu" last="Cho">Byung-Kyu Cho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 30322</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pietsch, Torsten" sort="Pietsch, Torsten" uniqKey="Pietsch T" first="Torsten" last="Pietsch">Torsten Pietsch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A48">Institute for Neuropathology, University of Bonn D-53105, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Neuropathology, University of Bonn D-53105</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Bonn D-53105</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fleischhack, Gudrun" sort="Fleischhack, Gudrun" uniqKey="Fleischhack G" first="Gudrun" last="Fleischhack">Gudrun Fleischhack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A49">Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tippelt, Stephan" sort="Tippelt, Stephan" uniqKey="Tippelt S" first="Stephan" last="Tippelt">Stephan Tippelt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A49">Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Children’s University Hospital of Essen D-45147</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ra, Young Shin" sort="Ra, Young Shin" uniqKey="Ra Y" first="Young Shin" last="Ra">Young Shin Ra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bailey, Simon" sort="Bailey, Simon" uniqKey="Bailey S" first="Simon" last="Bailey">Simon Bailey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A51">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lindsey, Janet C" sort="Lindsey, Janet C" uniqKey="Lindsey J" first="Janet C." last="Lindsey">Janet C. Lindsey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A51">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clifford, Steven C" sort="Clifford, Steven C" uniqKey="Clifford S" first="Steven C." last="Clifford">Steven C. Clifford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A51">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberhart, Charles G" sort="Eberhart, Charles G" uniqKey="Eberhart C" first="Charles G." last="Eberhart">Charles G. Eberhart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A52">Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maryland 21205</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cooper, Michael K" sort="Cooper, Michael K" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Michael K." last="Cooper">Michael K. Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8550, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8550</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tennessee 37232-8550</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Packer, Roger J" sort="Packer, Roger J" uniqKey="Packer R" first="Roger J." last="Packer">Roger J. Packer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010-2970, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010-2970</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Washington (district de Columbia)</settlement>
<region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Massimino, Maura" sort="Massimino, Maura" uniqKey="Massimino M" first="Maura" last="Massimino">Maura Massimino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A55">Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan 20133</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garre, Maria Luisa" sort="Garre, Maria Luisa" uniqKey="Garre M" first="Maria Luisa" last="Garre">Maria Luisa Garre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A56">U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16147, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16147</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Genova 16147</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bartels, Ute" sort="Bartels, Ute" uniqKey="Bartels U" first="Ute" last="Bartels">Ute Bartels</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tabori, Uri" sort="Tabori, Uri" uniqKey="Tabori U" first="Uri" last="Tabori">Uri Tabori</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hawkins, Cynthia E" sort="Hawkins, Cynthia E" uniqKey="Hawkins C" first="Cynthia E." last="Hawkins">Cynthia E. Hawkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A58">Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dirks, Peter" sort="Dirks, Peter" uniqKey="Dirks P" first="Peter" last="Dirks">Peter Dirks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bouffet, Eric" sort="Bouffet, Eric" uniqKey="Bouffet E" first="Eric" last="Bouffet">Eric Bouffet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rutka, James T" sort="Rutka, James T" uniqKey="Rutka J" first="James T." last="Rutka">James T. Rutka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wechsler Reya, Robert J" sort="Wechsler Reya, Robert J" uniqKey="Wechsler Reya R" first="Robert J." last="Wechsler-Reya">Robert J. Wechsler-Reya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A59">Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>California 92037</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiss, William A" sort="Weiss, William A" uniqKey="Weiss W" first="William A." last="Weiss">William A. Weiss</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A60">Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>California 94158</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collier, Lara S" sort="Collier, Lara S" uniqKey="Collier L" first="Lara S." last="Collier">Lara S. Collier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A61">School of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wisconsin 53715</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dupuy, Adam J" sort="Dupuy, Adam J" uniqKey="Dupuy A" first="Adam J." last="Dupuy">Adam J. Dupuy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A62">Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Korshunov, Andrey" sort="Korshunov, Andrey" uniqKey="Korshunov A" first="Andrey" last="Korshunov">Andrey Korshunov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A63">Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, David T W" sort="Jones, David T W" uniqKey="Jones D" first="David T. W." last="Jones">David T. W. Jones</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A64">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kool, Marcel" sort="Kool, Marcel" uniqKey="Kool M" first="Marcel" last="Kool">Marcel Kool</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A64">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Northcott, Paul A" sort="Northcott, Paul A" uniqKey="Northcott P" first="Paul A." last="Northcott">Paul A. Northcott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A64">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pfister, Stefan M" sort="Pfister, Stefan M" uniqKey="Pfister S" first="Stefan M." last="Pfister">Stefan M. Pfister</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A64">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A65">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Largaespada, David A" sort="Largaespada, David A" uniqKey="Largaespada D" first="David A." last="Largaespada">David A. Largaespada</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A66">Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Minnesota 55455</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mungall, Andrew J" sort="Mungall, Andrew J" uniqKey="Mungall A" first="Andrew J." last="Mungall">Andrew J. Mungall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moore, Richard A" sort="Moore, Richard A" uniqKey="Moore R" first="Richard A." last="Moore">Richard A. Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jabado, Nada" sort="Jabado, Nada" uniqKey="Jabado N" first="Nada" last="Jabado">Nada Jabado</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A67">Division of Hematology/Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1S6., Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Hematology/Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1S6.</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bader, Gary D" sort="Bader, Gary D" uniqKey="Bader G" first="Gary D." last="Bader">Gary D. Bader</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A4">The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A68">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, Steven J M" sort="Jones, Steven J M" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Steven J. M." last="Jones">Steven J. M. Jones</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6T 1Z3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A69">Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia M5G 1L7</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malkin, David" sort="Malkin, David" uniqKey="Malkin D" first="David" last="Malkin">David Malkin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marra, Marco A" sort="Marra, Marco A" uniqKey="Marra M" first="Marco A." last="Marra">Marco A. Marra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9">Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V5Z 4S6</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6T 1Z3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Taylor, Michael D" sort="Taylor, Michael D" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Michael D." last="Taylor">Michael D. Taylor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A2">The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario M5S 3E1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Nature</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms (genetics)</term>
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms (pathology)</term>
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms (radiotherapy)</term>
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms (surgery)</term>
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms (therapy)</term>
<term>Clone Cells (drug effects)</term>
<term>Clone Cells (metabolism)</term>
<term>Clone Cells (pathology)</term>
<term>Craniospinal Irradiation</term>
<term>DNA Mutational Analysis</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Drosophila melanogaster (cytology)</term>
<term>Drosophila melanogaster (genetics)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genome, Human (genetics)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma (genetics)</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma (pathology)</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma (radiotherapy)</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma (surgery)</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma (therapy)</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Molecular Targeted Therapy (methods)</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local (genetics)</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local (pathology)</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local (therapy)</term>
<term>Radiotherapy, Image-Guided</term>
<term>Selection, Genetic (drug effects)</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
<term>Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Analyse de mutations d'ADN</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Clones cellulaires ()</term>
<term>Clones cellulaires (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Clones cellulaires (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Drosophila melanogaster (cytologie)</term>
<term>Drosophila melanogaster (génétique)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Génome humain (génétique)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Irradiation craniospinale</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Médulloblastome ()</term>
<term>Médulloblastome (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Médulloblastome (génétique)</term>
<term>Médulloblastome (radiothérapie)</term>
<term>Radiothérapie guidée par l'image</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale ()</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale (génétique)</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Sélection génétique ()</term>
<term>Tests d'activité antitumorale sur modèle de xénogreffe</term>
<term>Thérapie moléculaire ciblée ()</term>
<term>Transduction du signal</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet ()</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet (génétique)</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet (radiothérapie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Clones cellulaires</term>
<term>Médulloblastome</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Drosophila melanogaster</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Drosophila melanogaster</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en">
<term>Clone Cells</term>
<term>Selection, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms</term>
<term>Drosophila melanogaster</term>
<term>Genome, Human</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Drosophila melanogaster</term>
<term>Génome humain</term>
<term>Médulloblastome</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Clone Cells</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en">
<term>Molecular Targeted Therapy</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Clones cellulaires</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms</term>
<term>Clone Cells</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="radiotherapy" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="radiothérapie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Médulloblastome</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="surgery" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cerebellar Neoplasms</term>
<term>Medulloblastoma</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Craniospinal Irradiation</term>
<term>DNA Mutational Analysis</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Radiotherapy, Image-Guided</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
<term>Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Analyse de mutations d'ADN</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Clones cellulaires</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Irradiation craniospinale</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Médulloblastome</term>
<term>Radiothérapie guidée par l'image</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Sélection génétique</term>
<term>Tests d'activité antitumorale sur modèle de xénogreffe</term>
<term>Thérapie moléculaire ciblée</term>
<term>Transduction du signal</term>
<term>Tumeurs du cervelet</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p id="P3">The development of targeted anti-cancer therapies through the study of cancer genomes is intended to increase survival rates and decrease treatment-related toxicity. We treated a transposon–driven, functional genomic mouse model of medulloblastoma with ‘humanized’
<italic>in vivo</italic>
therapy (microneurosurgical tumour resection followed by multi-fractionated, image-guided radiotherapy). Genetic events in recurrent murine medulloblastoma exhibit a very poor overlap with those in matched murine diagnostic samples (<5%). Whole-genome sequencing of 33 pairs of human diagnostic and post-therapy medulloblastomas demonstrated substantial genetic divergence of the dominant clone after therapy (<12% diagnostic events were retained at recurrence). In both mice and humans, the dominant clone at recurrence arose through clonal selection of a pre-existing minor clone present at diagnosis. Targeted therapy is unlikely to be effective in the absence of the target, therefore our results offer a simple, proximal, and remediable explanation for the failure of prior clinical trials of targeted therapy.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Brésil</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Corée du Sud</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Portugal</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>République tchèque</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Angleterre de l'Est</li>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>District de Columbia</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>District de Karlsruhe</li>
<li>Iowa</li>
<li>Latium</li>
<li>Lombardie</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
<li>Québec</li>
<li>Région capitale de Séoul</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
<li>État de São Paulo</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Cambridge</li>
<li>Heidelberg</li>
<li>Iowa City</li>
<li>Milan</li>
<li>Montréal</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>New York</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Rome</li>
<li>Sydney</li>
<li>São Paulo</li>
<li>Séoul</li>
<li>Toronto</li>
<li>Washington (district de Columbia)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université Columbia</li>
<li>Université McGill</li>
<li>Université de Cambridge</li>
<li>Université de Sydney</li>
<li>Université de São Paulo</li>
<li>Université de Toronto</li>
<li>Université de l'Iowa</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
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<name sortKey="Morrissy, A Sorana" sort="Morrissy, A Sorana" uniqKey="Morrissy A" first="A. Sorana" last="Morrissy">A. Sorana Morrissy</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ally, Adrian" sort="Ally, Adrian" uniqKey="Ally A" first="Adrian" last="Ally">Adrian Ally</name>
<name sortKey="Bader, Gary D" sort="Bader, Gary D" uniqKey="Bader G" first="Gary D." last="Bader">Gary D. Bader</name>
<name sortKey="Bader, Gary D" sort="Bader, Gary D" uniqKey="Bader G" first="Gary D." last="Bader">Gary D. Bader</name>
<name sortKey="Bartels, Ute" sort="Bartels, Ute" uniqKey="Bartels U" first="Ute" last="Bartels">Ute Bartels</name>
<name sortKey="Bilenky, Mikhail" sort="Bilenky, Mikhail" uniqKey="Bilenky M" first="Mikhail" last="Bilenky">Mikhail Bilenky</name>
<name sortKey="Birol, Inanc" sort="Birol, Inanc" uniqKey="Birol I" first="Inanc" last="Birol">Inanc Birol</name>
<name sortKey="Birol, Inanc" sort="Birol, Inanc" uniqKey="Birol I" first="Inanc" last="Birol">Inanc Birol</name>
<name sortKey="Birol, Inanc" sort="Birol, Inanc" uniqKey="Birol I" first="Inanc" last="Birol">Inanc Birol</name>
<name sortKey="Bouffet, Eric" sort="Bouffet, Eric" uniqKey="Bouffet E" first="Eric" last="Bouffet">Eric Bouffet</name>
<name sortKey="Bouffet, Eric" sort="Bouffet, Eric" uniqKey="Bouffet E" first="Eric" last="Bouffet">Eric Bouffet</name>
<name sortKey="Butterfield, Yaron S N" sort="Butterfield, Yaron S N" uniqKey="Butterfield Y" first="Yaron S. N." last="Butterfield">Yaron S. N. Butterfield</name>
<name sortKey="Carlsen, Rebecca" sort="Carlsen, Rebecca" uniqKey="Carlsen R" first="Rebecca" last="Carlsen">Rebecca Carlsen</name>
<name sortKey="Cavalli, Florence M G" sort="Cavalli, Florence M G" uniqKey="Cavalli F" first="Florence M. G." last="Cavalli">Florence M. G. Cavalli</name>
<name sortKey="Cavalli, Florence M G" sort="Cavalli, Florence M G" uniqKey="Cavalli F" first="Florence M. G." last="Cavalli">Florence M. G. Cavalli</name>
<name sortKey="Cheng, Young" sort="Cheng, Young" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Young" last="Cheng">Young Cheng</name>
<name sortKey="Chuah, Eric" sort="Chuah, Eric" uniqKey="Chuah E" first="Eric" last="Chuah">Eric Chuah</name>
<name sortKey="Corbett, Richard D" sort="Corbett, Richard D" uniqKey="Corbett R" first="Richard D." last="Corbett">Richard D. Corbett</name>
<name sortKey="Dhalla, Noreen" sort="Dhalla, Noreen" uniqKey="Dhalla N" first="Noreen" last="Dhalla">Noreen Dhalla</name>
<name sortKey="Dirks, Peter" sort="Dirks, Peter" uniqKey="Dirks P" first="Peter" last="Dirks">Peter Dirks</name>
<name sortKey="Dirks, Peter" sort="Dirks, Peter" uniqKey="Dirks P" first="Peter" last="Dirks">Peter Dirks</name>
<name sortKey="Donovan, Laura K" sort="Donovan, Laura K" uniqKey="Donovan L" first="Laura K." last="Donovan">Laura K. Donovan</name>
<name sortKey="Donovan, Laura K" sort="Donovan, Laura K" uniqKey="Donovan L" first="Laura K." last="Donovan">Laura K. Donovan</name>
<name sortKey="Dunn, Sandra E" sort="Dunn, Sandra E" uniqKey="Dunn S" first="Sandra E." last="Dunn">Sandra E. Dunn</name>
<name sortKey="Farooq, Hamza" sort="Farooq, Hamza" uniqKey="Farooq H" first="Hamza" last="Farooq">Hamza Farooq</name>
<name sortKey="Farooq, Hamza" sort="Farooq, Hamza" uniqKey="Farooq H" first="Hamza" last="Farooq">Hamza Farooq</name>
<name sortKey="Garzia, Livia" sort="Garzia, Livia" uniqKey="Garzia L" first="Livia" last="Garzia">Livia Garzia</name>
<name sortKey="Garzia, Livia" sort="Garzia, Livia" uniqKey="Garzia L" first="Livia" last="Garzia">Livia Garzia</name>
<name sortKey="Hawkins, Cynthia E" sort="Hawkins, Cynthia E" uniqKey="Hawkins C" first="Cynthia E." last="Hawkins">Cynthia E. Hawkins</name>
<name sortKey="Hawkins, Cynthia E" sort="Hawkins, Cynthia E" uniqKey="Hawkins C" first="Cynthia E." last="Hawkins">Cynthia E. Hawkins</name>
<name sortKey="He, An" sort="He, An" uniqKey="He A" first="An" last="He">An He</name>
<name sortKey="Hoffman, Caitlin" sort="Hoffman, Caitlin" uniqKey="Hoffman C" first="Caitlin" last="Hoffman">Caitlin Hoffman</name>
<name sortKey="Holgado, Borja L" sort="Holgado, Borja L" uniqKey="Holgado B" first="Borja L." last="Holgado">Borja L. Holgado</name>
<name sortKey="Holgado, Borja L" sort="Holgado, Borja L" uniqKey="Holgado B" first="Borja L." last="Holgado">Borja L. Holgado</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Xi" sort="Huang, Xi" uniqKey="Huang X" first="Xi" last="Huang">Xi Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Jabado, Nada" sort="Jabado, Nada" uniqKey="Jabado N" first="Nada" last="Jabado">Nada Jabado</name>
<name sortKey="Jelveh, Salomeh" sort="Jelveh, Salomeh" uniqKey="Jelveh S" first="Salomeh" last="Jelveh">Salomeh Jelveh</name>
<name sortKey="Jones, Steven J M" sort="Jones, Steven J M" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Steven J. M." last="Jones">Steven J. M. Jones</name>
<name sortKey="Jones, Steven J M" sort="Jones, Steven J M" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Steven J. M." last="Jones">Steven J. M. Jones</name>
<name sortKey="Jones, Steven J M" sort="Jones, Steven J M" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Steven J. M." last="Jones">Steven J. M. Jones</name>
<name sortKey="Kijima, Noriyuki" sort="Kijima, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Kijima N" first="Noriyuki" last="Kijima">Noriyuki Kijima</name>
<name sortKey="Kijima, Noriyuki" sort="Kijima, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Kijima N" first="Noriyuki" last="Kijima">Noriyuki Kijima</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Darlene" sort="Lee, Darlene" uniqKey="Lee D" first="Darlene" last="Lee">Darlene Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, John J Y" sort="Lee, John J Y" uniqKey="Lee J" first="John J. Y." last="Lee">John J. Y. Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, John J Y" sort="Lee, John J Y" uniqKey="Lee J" first="John J. Y." last="Lee">John J. Y. Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, John J Y" sort="Lee, John J Y" uniqKey="Lee J" first="John J. Y." last="Lee">John J. Y. Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Haiyan I" sort="Li, Haiyan I" uniqKey="Li H" first="Haiyan I." last="Li">Haiyan I. Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Yisu" sort="Li, Yisu" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yisu" last="Li">Yisu Li</name>
<name sortKey="Lindsay, Patricia E" sort="Lindsay, Patricia E" uniqKey="Lindsay P" first="Patricia E." last="Lindsay">Patricia E. Lindsay</name>
<name sortKey="Lindsay, Patricia E" sort="Lindsay, Patricia E" uniqKey="Lindsay P" first="Patricia E." last="Lindsay">Patricia E. Lindsay</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Jessica" sort="Liu, Jessica" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jessica" last="Liu">Jessica Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Jessica" sort="Liu, Jessica" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jessica" last="Liu">Jessica Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Long, William" sort="Long, William" uniqKey="Long W" first="William" last="Long">William Long</name>
<name sortKey="Luu, Betty" sort="Luu, Betty" uniqKey="Luu B" first="Betty" last="Luu">Betty Luu</name>
<name sortKey="Luu, Betty" sort="Luu, Betty" uniqKey="Luu B" first="Betty" last="Luu">Betty Luu</name>
<name sortKey="Ma, Yusanne" sort="Ma, Yusanne" uniqKey="Ma Y" first="Yusanne" last="Ma">Yusanne Ma</name>
<name sortKey="Mack, Stephen C" sort="Mack, Stephen C" uniqKey="Mack S" first="Stephen C." last="Mack">Stephen C. Mack</name>
<name sortKey="Mack, Stephen C" sort="Mack, Stephen C" uniqKey="Mack S" first="Stephen C." last="Mack">Stephen C. Mack</name>
<name sortKey="Malkin, David" sort="Malkin, David" uniqKey="Malkin D" first="David" last="Malkin">David Malkin</name>
<name sortKey="Malkin, David" sort="Malkin, David" uniqKey="Malkin D" first="David" last="Malkin">David Malkin</name>
<name sortKey="Manno, Alex" sort="Manno, Alex" uniqKey="Manno A" first="Alex" last="Manno">Alex Manno</name>
<name sortKey="Manno, Alex" sort="Manno, Alex" uniqKey="Manno A" first="Alex" last="Manno">Alex Manno</name>
<name sortKey="Marra, Marco A" sort="Marra, Marco A" uniqKey="Marra M" first="Marco A." last="Marra">Marco A. Marra</name>
<name sortKey="Marra, Marco A" sort="Marra, Marco A" uniqKey="Marra M" first="Marco A." last="Marra">Marco A. Marra</name>
<name sortKey="Matan Lithwick, Stuart" sort="Matan Lithwick, Stuart" uniqKey="Matan Lithwick S" first="Stuart" last="Matan-Lithwick">Stuart Matan-Lithwick</name>
<name sortKey="Matan Lithwick, Stuart" sort="Matan Lithwick, Stuart" uniqKey="Matan Lithwick S" first="Stuart" last="Matan-Lithwick">Stuart Matan-Lithwick</name>
<name sortKey="Mayo, Michael" sort="Mayo, Michael" uniqKey="Mayo M" first="Michael" last="Mayo">Michael Mayo</name>
<name sortKey="Mayoh, Chelsea" sort="Mayoh, Chelsea" uniqKey="Mayoh C" first="Chelsea" last="Mayoh">Chelsea Mayoh</name>
<name sortKey="Mercier, Eloi" sort="Mercier, Eloi" uniqKey="Mercier E" first="Eloi" last="Mercier">Eloi Mercier</name>
<name sortKey="Michealraj, K A" sort="Michealraj, K A" uniqKey="Michealraj K" first="K. A." last="Michealraj">K. A. Michealraj</name>
<name sortKey="Michealraj, K A" sort="Michealraj, K A" uniqKey="Michealraj K" first="K. A." last="Michealraj">K. A. Michealraj</name>
<name sortKey="Moore, Richard A" sort="Moore, Richard A" uniqKey="Moore R" first="Richard A." last="Moore">Richard A. Moore</name>
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<name sortKey="Ramaswamy, Vijay" sort="Ramaswamy, Vijay" uniqKey="Ramaswamy V" first="Vijay" last="Ramaswamy">Vijay Ramaswamy</name>
<name sortKey="Ramaswamy, Vijay" sort="Ramaswamy, Vijay" uniqKey="Ramaswamy V" first="Vijay" last="Ramaswamy">Vijay Ramaswamy</name>
<name sortKey="Ramaswamy, Vijay" sort="Ramaswamy, Vijay" uniqKey="Ramaswamy V" first="Vijay" last="Ramaswamy">Vijay Ramaswamy</name>
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<name sortKey="Rutka, James T" sort="Rutka, James T" uniqKey="Rutka J" first="James T." last="Rutka">James T. Rutka</name>
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<name sortKey="Shih, David J H" sort="Shih, David J H" uniqKey="Shih D" first="David J. H." last="Shih">David J. H. Shih</name>
<name sortKey="Shih, David J H" sort="Shih, David J H" uniqKey="Shih D" first="David J. H." last="Shih">David J. H. Shih</name>
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<name sortKey="Skowron, Patryk" sort="Skowron, Patryk" uniqKey="Skowron P" first="Patryk" last="Skowron">Patryk Skowron</name>
<name sortKey="Skowron, Patryk" sort="Skowron, Patryk" uniqKey="Skowron P" first="Patryk" last="Skowron">Patryk Skowron</name>
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<name sortKey="Taylor, Michael D" sort="Taylor, Michael D" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Michael D." last="Taylor">Michael D. Taylor</name>
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<name sortKey="Wang, Xin" sort="Wang, Xin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xin" last="Wang">Xin Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Xin" sort="Wang, Xin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xin" last="Wang">Xin Wang</name>
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<name sortKey="Ingram, Wendy" sort="Ingram, Wendy" uniqKey="Ingram W" first="Wendy" last="Ingram">Wendy Ingram</name>
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<country name="Corée du Sud">
<region name="Région capitale de Séoul">
<name sortKey="Lee, Ji Yeoun" sort="Lee, Ji Yeoun" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Ji-Yeoun" last="Lee">Ji-Yeoun Lee</name>
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<name sortKey="Ra, Young Shin" sort="Ra, Young Shin" uniqKey="Ra Y" first="Young Shin" last="Ra">Young Shin Ra</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Kyu Chang" sort="Wang, Kyu Chang" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Kyu-Chang" last="Wang">Kyu-Chang Wang</name>
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</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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